Section 6.4: Operating Controls for All-Mode Transceivers #

Operating an all-mode transceiver opens up a whole new world of communication possibilities. These radios can handle various modes, including SSB, CW, FM, and digital, making them versatile tools for any ham. Let’s break down the key controls and settings you’ll need to master to get the most out of your all-mode rig.

Power and Volume #

Just like with FM transceivers, your all-mode transceiver will have a Power switch and Volume control. The principles are the same, but with all-mode rigs, you may also need to manage power levels more carefully, especially when switching between modes that require different power outputs.

Microphone Gain and SSB Transmissions #

One critical control for SSB (Single Sideband) operation is the microphone gain. This adjusts the level of your voice input before it is transmitted. Setting the microphone gain too high can lead to several issues:

• Distorted Transmitted Audio: If the microphone gain is set too high, it can cause your transmitted audio to become distorted, making your voice sound harsh or unintelligible.

• Splatter and Interference: Excessive microphone gain can cause your signal to spread out beyond its intended bandwidth, leading to interference on adjacent frequencies.

To avoid these issues, start with a moderate microphone gain setting and make on-air tests to ensure your audio is clean and undistorted. Proper microphone gain adjustment is key to maintaining clear and professional-sounding communications.

Push-To-Talk (PTT) Control #

You’ve already seen how the PTT (Push-To-Talk) button is essential for FM transceivers, and it plays just as critical a role in all-mode transceivers. The PTT input switches your transceiver from receive mode to transmit mode when grounded. This is crucial across all modes—whether you’re working SSB, CW, or digital modes.

In SSB, for instance, you’ll use the PTT to transmit your voice, just as you would on FM. In CW (Morse code) mode, the PTT might be handled by a key or keyer, depending on your setup. For digital modes, the PTT is often controlled automatically by the computer interface, but it’s still the same function at play: switching the transceiver from listening to talking.

Understanding how and when to use the PTT control in different modes ensures smooth operation, helping you avoid accidentally transmitting over someone else or missing a reply when you should be listening.

Frequency Control and Memory Channels #

All-mode transceivers, like their FM counterparts, allow you to manage frequencies using VFO mode and Memory Recall (MR) mode.

• VFO Mode: In VFO mode, you can freely tune through the frequency range by turning the VFO knob, which gives you precise control over your operating frequency. Some radios also allow direct frequency entry using a keypad, which can be particularly useful when jumping to a specific frequency.

• Memory Recall (MR) Mode: Memory channels are a powerful feature on many newer transceivers. By storing frequently used frequencies in memory, you can quickly access your preferred operating channels without having to manually tune them each time. This is especially useful for rapidly switching between different bands or modes during operation. Using memory channels to store your favorite frequencies ensures that you can access them instantly with just a few button presses.

Mastering the use of VFO and memory channels on your all-mode transceiver will greatly enhance your ability to navigate the airwaves efficiently. Whether you’re hopping across bands or sticking to a favorite frequency, these controls give you the power to do so quickly and effortlessly.

Mode Selection #

All-mode transceivers offer a variety of modes, including FM, AM, SSB (both USB and LSB), CW, and digital modes. Mode selection is typically done via a dedicated button or menu setting on your radio. Each mode has its own characteristics:

• FM: Used primarily for VHF/UHF communication.
• SSB: The go-to mode for long-distance HF communication.
• CW: Morse code, for those who love dots and dashes.
• AM: Less common but still used in some HF communications.
• Digital Modes: For PSK31, FT8, RTTY, and more. This is often not actually a mode on your radio, rather it’s a state where you have an interface to your computer to provide audio and PTT control. See Section 3.7 for more information.

Selecting the right mode for the band and the type of communication you’re planning is essential for effective operation.

RIT (Receiver Incremental Tuning) and Clarifier #

RIT, also known as the Clarifier control, allows you to fine-tune the received signal without changing your transmit frequency. This is especially useful in SSB and CW modes, where slight frequency differences can make a big impact on intelligibility.

When you’re in the middle of a QSO (conversation) and notice that the other station’s signal sounds off-frequency, you can use the RIT control to adjust your receiver’s frequency slightly without moving your transmit frequency. This keeps you locked onto the other station’s signal without confusing them with frequency shifts.

Filters #

One of the key advantages of modern multimode transceiver is the ability to select different receive bandwidths to match the mode you are using. These filters help you reduce noise and interference by narrowing or widening the range of frequencies your receiver processes. By selecting the appropriate bandwidth, you can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio, making it easier to hear weak signals in noisy environments.

• Configurable Receive Bandwidth Choices: Many transceivers allow you to choose from several different bandwidth filters. This flexibility permits you to match the receiver’s bandwidth to the mode you are operating, which can reduce noise and improve clarity. For instance, a wider bandwidth is useful for modes like FM, which require more space for the signal, while a narrower bandwidth is better for SSB (Single Sideband), where reducing the bandwidth to around 2400 Hz helps to filter out noise and adjacent signals.

• Customized Filters: In addition to selecting different bandwidths, some advanced transceivers allow you to customize the filters further, tailoring them to specific operating conditions or preferences. This can involve adjusting the shape and steepness of the filter’s roll-off, which can be particularly useful in crowded band conditions or for digging out weak signals.

Here is a table of common receive bandwidths for different modes:

Using the right filter for the mode you’re operating ensures your transceiver is optimized for the best performance in any given situation.

Keyers #

If you’re operating in CW (Morse code), an electronic keyer can be a real game-changer. A keyer assists in sending Morse code by automatically generating the dots and dashes for you, ensuring they’re timed perfectly. This feature makes sending CW faster and more accurate, allowing you to focus on your message rather than the mechanics of sending it.

• Speed Control: Most keyers allow you to adjust the sending speed, making it easier to match the pace of the other operator. This is especially useful during contests or when operating under varying conditions.

• Memory Functions: Some electronic keyers come with memory functions that allow you to pre-program common phrases or call signs. This can be a big time-saver during repetitive operations like calling CQ or participating in a contest.

Using a keyer not only makes your CW operation smoother but also reduces the physical strain of manual keying, especially during extended operating sessions.

Learn Your Radio! #

As with FM transceivers, every all-mode rig is a bit different, so take the time to learn the specifics of your model. Dive into the manual and explore all the features your radio offers. The more familiar you are with your transceiver, the more efficiently you’ll be able to operate and enjoy the diverse world of amateur radio.

So there you have it - your guide to mastering the controls of an all-mode transceiver. With these skills in hand, you’re ready to explore everything from local nets on FM to long-distance DXing on SSB and CW. Happy operating!